New insights into diagnosis of Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) in cats.

Platynosomum fastosum is a hepatic trematode which causes the so-called lizard poisoning in cats. This parasite is reported in tropical and sub-tropical areas infecting the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts of cats. Despite its clinical importance, the diagnosis of P. fastosum has been poorly investigated so far. In this study, three cases of infection by P. fastosum in cats are reported. The FLOTAC technique was utilized for the first time in the detection of eggs of this parasite. Three cats (two males and one female), being one of them with a history of diarrhea and vomiting, were diagnosed positive for the presence of P. fastosum eggs through the FLOTAC technique. In conclusion, this study provides important and new insights into the diagnosis of P. fastosum in cats, expanding the geographical knowledge of this parasite in Brazil.

Prevalence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in an endemic area of Brazil

The northeast region of Brazil is endemic for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection in dogs in Petrolina.

Prevalence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in an endemic area of Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The northeast region of Brazil is endemic for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection in dogs in Petrolina. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from dogs (n = 600), and bone-marrow biopsy was performed in animals with positive serological test results that presented clinical signs of ZVL. The serological analyses were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (S7(r)Biogene). RESULTS: Of the 600 dogs tested, 19% (115/600) presented anti-L. infantum chagasi antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are important because canine infection is an important risk factor for the human disease.

Detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in cats (Felis catus) from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Little information is available concerning infection by Leishmania infantum in cats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a serological study in domestic cats. METHODS: Serum samples (n=153) obtained from animals living in the Cities of Recife and Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were tested by ELISA/S7® (Biogene). RESULTS: Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in 3.9% (6/153) of the cats. All seroreagent animals were from Petrolina. CONCLUSIONS: These results serve as an important alert, and future studies are needed to better understand the possible role of cats in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in this area.

Detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in cats (Felis catus) from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction: Little information is available concerning infection by Leishmania infantum in cats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a serological study in domestic cats. Methods: Serum samples (n=153) obtained from animals living in the Cities of Recife and Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were tested by ELISA/S7® (Biogene). Results: Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in 3.9% (6/153) of the cats. All seroreagent animals were from Petrolina. Conclusions: These results serve as an important alert, and future studies are needed to better understand the possible role of cats in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in this area. .

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to pyrethroids and their associations in Pernambuco, Brazil.

The synthetic pyrethroids and their associations have been widely used for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The frequent use of acaricides has been inducing the development of resistance in the tick populations. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus populations to pyrethroids and their associations in the region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition, the level of information among farm owners regarding tick control measures was investigated. Ticks were collected directly from naturally infested dairy cattle in the region and were exposed to pyrethroids and their associations. At the same time, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied with the aim of investigating the level of information among the farmers. The results reported here indicate that R. (B.) microplus populations in the dairy region of Garanhuns show resistance to pyrethroids and their associations, except when the product is associated with piperonyl butoxide. Regarding the results from the epidemiological survey, it was seen that there is a considerable lack of information among the farmers in relation to ixodid control measures. The level of ticks resistance to acaricides varied widely across the region studied. No alternative control programs have been implemented among these farms, thus demonstrating that there is a need for more information relating to the biology and control of R. (B.) microplus.

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to pyrethroids and their associations in Pernambuco, Brazil / Susceptibilidade de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) a piretróides e suas associações em Pernambuco, Brasil

The synthetic pyrethroids and their associations have been widely used for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The frequent use of acaricides has been inducing the development of resistance in the tick populations. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus populations to pyrethroids and their associations in the region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition, the level of information among farm owners regarding tick control measures was investigated. Ticks were collected directly from naturally infested dairy cattle in the region and were exposed to pyrethroids and their associations. At the same time, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied with the aim of investigating the level of information among the farmers. The results reported here indicate that R. (B.) microplus populations in the dairy region of Garanhuns show resistance to pyrethroids and their associations, except when the product is associated with piperonyl butoxide. Regarding the results from the epidemiological survey, it was seen that there is a considerable lack of information among the farmers in relation to ixodid control measures. The level of ticks resistance to acaricides varied widely across the region studied. No alternative control programs have been implemented among these farms, thus demonstrating that there is a need for more information relating to the biology and control of R. (B.) microplus.

Os piretróides sintéticos e associações são acaricidas amplamente utilizados para o controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O uso frequente destes fármacos tem induzido o surgimento de populações de carrapatos resistentes. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a susceptibilidade de populações de R. (B.) microplus aos piretróides e associações. Além disso, investigou-se o nível de informações dos proprietários com relação ás medidas de controle utilizadas. Os carrapatos foram coletados diretamente de bovinos naturalmente infestados na região leiteira de Garanhuns, Pernambuco e expostos a piretróides e suas associações. Contemporaneamente, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de informação dos produtores. Os resultados aqui obtidos demonstram que populações de R. (B.) microplus provenientes da região leiteira de Garanhuns apresentam resistência aos piretróides, exceto quando o produto está associado com butóxido de piperonila. Em se tratando dos resultados referentes ao inquérito epidemiológico, verificou-se considerável falta de informação por parte dos produtores com relação ás medidas de controle de ixodídeos. Assim, verifica-se que o nível de resistência aos acaricidas é muito variável na região estudada e que não há, nas propriedades, a adoção de programas alternativos de controle, demonstrando a necessidade de maiores informações relacionadas á biologia e ao controle do R. (B.) microplus.

[Parasitism by Amblyomma sp (Acari: Ixodidae) in humans in the City of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil]. / Parasitismo em humano por Amblyomma sp (Acari: Ixodidae), na cidade de Recife, estado de Pernambuco.

INTRODUCTION: The Amblyomma genus is widely distribution in Brazil and is important regarding the public health risk represented by the transmission of pathogens. METHODS: This paper reports a case of parasitism in humans by Amblyomma sp that occurred in the City of Recife, State of Pernambuco. RESULTS: Parasitism was observed in a woman where the ticks were attached to her legs and feet. CONCLUSIONS: This finding is unusual and is the first report of parasitism in humans by Amblyomma sp in State of Pernambuco.

Parasitismo em humano por Amblyomma sp (Acari: Ixodidae), na cidade de Recife, estado de Pernambuco / Parasitism by Amblyomma sp (Acari: Ixodidae) in humans in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Os ixodídeos pertencentes ao gênero Amblyomma são encontrados no Brasil, sendo de grande importância em Saúde Pública por representarem risco na transmissão de patógenos. MÉTODOS: Este trabalho relata um caso de parasitismo em humano por Amblyomma sp, ocorrido na Cidade de Recife, Pernambuco. RESULTADOS: O parasitismo foi observado em uma senhora onde os ectoparasitos encontravam-se fixados em suas pernas e pés. CONCLUSÕES: Este tipo de achado é incomum e constitui o primeiro relato do parasitismo em humano por Amblyomma sp, no Estado de Pernambuco.

INTRODUCTION: The Amblyomma genus is widely distribution in Brazil and is important regarding the public health risk represented by the transmission of pathogens. METHODS: This paper reports a case of parasitism in humans by Amblyomma sp that occurred in the City of Recife, State of Pernambuco. RESULTS: Parasitism was observed in a woman where the ticks were attached to her legs and feet. CONCLUSIONS: This finding is unusual and is the first report of parasitism in humans by Amblyomma sp in State of Pernambuco.

Intramural esophageal hematoma after elective injection sclerotherapy / Hematoma intramural esofágico após escleroterapia eletiva de varizes

Context: Although endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy has been largely supplanted by variceal band ligation, it is still performed routinely in many institutions, especially in developing countries. Intramural esophageal hematoma has been described as a rare complication of sclerotherapy. Risk factors have not been completely established. Objective: To demonstrate the incidence of post-sclerotherapy intramural esophageal hematoma in our hospital and discuss the possible factors involved. Methods - This is a retrospective observational study made at the "Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho", Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, reviewing the medical records of all esophageal variceal sclerotherapy procedures performed from April 2000 to November 2005. The evaluation of the clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic features in our patients and those reported in the literature was also done. Review of literature was performed through MEDLINE search. Results: A total of 1,433 esophageal variceal sclerotherapy procedures were performed in 397 patients, with an intramural esophageal hematoma incidence of 4 cases (0.28 percent). Three of our patients developed additional complications, and one death was a direct consequence of a rupture of the hematoma. Nineteen well described cases were reported in the literature. Intramural esophageal hematoma occurred mostly after the forth esophageal variceal sclerotherapy session. Coagulation disturbances were present in the majority of cases. Conclusion: Intramural esophageal hematoma is a rare complication of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and its incidence in our institution was similar to those observed in the literature. Our study suggests that this complication occurs as a result of a fragile esophageal mucosa after previous esophageal variceal sclerotherapy sessions. Impaired coagulation, although not essential, could contribute to hematoma formation and extension through esophageal submucosa.

Contexto: Apesar do fato de que a escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofágicas vem sendo largamente substituída pela técnica de ligadura elástica, a escleroterapia é ainda rotineiramente utilizada em muitas instituições, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. O hematoma intramural esofágico é uma complicação rara da escleroterapia e os fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento ainda não estão completamente estabelecidos. Objetivo - Demonstrar a incidência do hematoma intramural esofágico pós-escleroterapia no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e discutir os possíveis fatores envolvidos. Métodos: Este é um estudo retrospectivo observacional realizado no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, através da revisão dos prontuários médicos de todos os pacientes submetidos a escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofágicas entre abril de 2000 e novembro de 2005. Uma avaliação das características clínicas, laboratoriais e endoscópicas desses pacientes e dos descritos na literatura foi realizada. A revisão da literatura foi feita através de pesquisa no MEDLINE. Resultados: Foram realizados 1.433 procedimentos de escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofágicas em 397 pacientes, com incidência de hematoma intramural esofágico de 4 casos (0,28 por cento). Três dos quatro pacientes desenvolveram complicações adicionais e um falecimento foi consequência direta do hematoma intramural esofágico. Dezenove casos bem documentados de hematoma intramural esofágico foram descritos na literatura. Na maioria dos casos o hematoma intramural esofágico ocorreu a partir da quarta sessão de escleroterapia endoscópica de varizes esofágicas e distúrbios de coagulação estavam presentes. Conclusão: O hematoma intramural esofágico é complicação rara da escleroterapia e a incidência no hospital onde foi realizada esta pesquisa foi similar à observada na literatura. Este estudo sugere que essa complicação resulta de mucosa...

Intramural esophageal hematoma after elective injection sclerotherapy.

CONTEXT: Although endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy has been largely supplanted by variceal band ligation, it is still performed routinely in many institutions, especially in developing countries. Intramural esophageal hematoma has been described as a rare complication of sclerotherapy. Risk factors have not been completely established. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the incidence of post-sclerotherapy intramural esophageal hematoma in our hospital and discuss the possible factors involved. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study made at the 'Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho', Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, reviewing the medical records of all esophageal variceal sclerotherapy procedures performed from April 2000 to November 2005. The evaluation of the clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic features in our patients and those reported in the literature was also done. Review of literature was performed through MEDLINE search. RESULTS: A total of 1,433 esophageal variceal sclerotherapy procedures were performed in 397 patients, with an intramural esophageal hematoma incidence of 4 cases (0.28%). Three of our patients developed additional complications, and one death was a direct consequence of a rupture of the hematoma. Nineteen well described cases were reported in the literature. Intramural esophageal hematoma occurred mostly after the forth esophageal variceal sclerotherapy session. Coagulation disturbances were present in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: Intramural esophageal hematoma is a rare complication of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and its incidence in our institution was similar to those observed in the literature. Our study suggests that this complication occurs as a result of a fragile esophageal mucosa after previous esophageal variceal sclerotherapy sessions. Impaired coagulation, although not essential, could contribute to hematoma formation and extension through esophageal submucosa.